New Covid Variant Study in India

In June 2025, AIIMS Bhopal released a genomic surveillance report indicating the XFG Covid 19 variant had become dominant across Madhya Pradesh, accounting for 63.6% of 44 samples sequenced between May and June. Earlier in late May, India also detected emerging variants NB.1.8.1 (Nimbus) and LF.7 across several states though these remained limited in number. Despite rising cases in regions like Delhi, UP, West Bengal, Gujarat, and Kerala, health experts stress that most infections have been mild or asymptomatic.
What You Need to Know
The XFG lineage supplanted LF.7 almost entirely in MP over a month.


India reported a single NB.1.8.1 and four LF.7 cases by May.


Despite ongoing surveillance, WHO does not currently label these variants as “variants of concern”.


Clinical Context & Public Health Implications
While newer variants like XFG and LF.7 have shown some ability to evade prior immunity, they remain largely associated with mild symptoms. However, the appearance of NB.1.8.1 (“Nimbus”) is noteworthy global reports describe unusual throat pain dubbed “razor blade” sore throat even if vaccine protection continues to hold.
Dr. Ajai Singh from AIIMS Bhopal emphasized the critical role of ongoing genomic tracking to stay ahead of variant driven infection waves. Analysts also recommend steady public awareness, particularly the correct use of masks and early testing, to pre empt clusters amid rising case numbers.
Next Steps & Policy Response
The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is expanding INSACOG sampling across multiple states. Health advisories urge symptomatic individuals especially those over 65 or with comorbidities to seek testing early.
The Ministry of Health has reiterated that vaccination remains essential, particularly booster doses for vulnerable groups. Surveillance, combined with proactive isolation and local testing, aims to keep variant driven outbreaks from escalating.
Outlook
Although XFG has taken precedence in MP, its spread is under tight public health watch. Meanwhile, Nimbus and LF.7 will remain on the radar. India’s evolving Covid monitoring strategy reinforces its preparedness against future viral shifts even as global SARS CoV 2 threats continue to evolve.